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Xi Jinping has been the paramount leader of China since 2012, when he became General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), and later President of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 2013. In 2018, when Xi was re-elected for a second term, the National People's Congress passed a constitutional amendment abolishing the two-term limit for the presidency.

On 11 November 2021, the CCP declared Xi's ideology the "essence of Chinese culture". This is the third fundamental resolution of the Chinese Communist Party since its inception. The first resolution was adopted in 1945 to increase and ratify the power of Mao Zedong. The decision to issue one under Xi symbolically raises him to the same level of prestige as Mao.