We shared this request example with FAB participants: url_qparams = { "limit": count, "offset": offset, "has_group": "false", "order_by": "-activity", "forecast_type": "binary", "project": tournament_id, "status": "open", "type": "forecast", "include_description": "true", } url = f"{api_info.base_url}/questions/" response = requests.get( url, headers={"Authorization": f"Token {api_info.token}"}, params=url_qparams )

But we don't want to support all these parameters, and the ones relevant are: - order_by - status - project - forecast_type - we ignore this, but assume it's binary - FAB only supports binary for now.

GET /api2/questions/?format=api&offset=2200
HTTP 200 OK
Allow: GET, OPTIONS
Content-Type: application/json
Vary: Accept

{
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    "next": "http://www.metaculus.com/api2/questions/?format=api&limit=20&offset=2220",
    "previous": "http://www.metaculus.com/api2/questions/?format=api&limit=20&offset=2180",
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                "title": "Will the US confirm Clade I mpox infections before October 1, 2024?",
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                "description": "On August 14, 2024, the WHO [declared mpox a public health emergency of international concern](https://www.who.int/news/item/14-08-2024-who-director-general-declares-mpox-outbreak-a-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern).\n\n> In declaring the PHEIC, Dr Tedros said, \"The emergence of a new clade of mpox, its rapid spread in eastern DRC, and the reporting of cases in several neighbouring countries are very worrying. On top of outbreaks of other mpox clades in DRC and other countries in Africa, it’s clear that a coordinated international response is needed to stop these outbreaks and save lives.”\n\n...\n\n> The emergence last year and rapid spread of a new virus strain in DRC, clade 1b, which appears to be spreading mainly through sexual networks, and its detection in countries neighbouring the DRC is especially concerning, and one of the main reasons for the declaration of the PHEIC.\n\n> In the past month, over 100 laboratory-confirmed cases of clade 1b have been reported in four countries neighbouring the DRC that have not reported mpox before: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. Experts believe the true number of cases to be higher as a large proportion of clinically compatible cases have not been tested.\n\n> Several outbreaks of different clades of mpox have occurred in different countries, with different modes of transmission and different levels of risk.\n\n[According to the UK Health Security Agency](https://www.gov.uk/guidance/clade-1-mpox-virus-infection), \"Historically, Clade I MPXV has been reported only in 5 Central African countries.\"\n\nOn August 15, 2024, Swedish health officials [confirmed a case of mpox clade I](https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/the-public-health-agency-of-sweden/communicable-disease-control/disease-information-about-mpox/one-case-of-mpox-clade-i-reported-in-sweden/). \n\n> [\"This is the first clade I mpox case to be reported outside of the African continent,\" CDC spokesman David Daigle said in a statement, noting that the agency is watching the outbreak closely.](https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/who-confirms-first-case-new-mpox-strain-outside-africa-outbreak-spreads-2024-08-15/)",
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                "fine_print": "Any subclades of Clade I will count. This question uses the [current naming conventions of the World Health Organization](https://www.who.int/news/item/12-08-2022-monkeypox--experts-give-virus-variants-new-names), which state: \"Consensus was reached to now refer to the former Congo Basin (Central African) clade as Clade one (I) and the former West African clade as Clade two (II).\"",
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            "question": {
                "id": 27581,
                "title": "Will Greg Brockman return to OpenAI following his leave of absence before October 1, 2024?",
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                "description": "> **Where have OpenAI’s founders gone?**\n>  \n> Just two of OpenAI’s 11-strong founding team are still active at the ChatGPT maker, after an exodus following November’s attempted boardroom coup against chief executive Sam Altman.\n>  \n> Three co-founders have departed so far this year, including John Schulman, who [defected](https://www.ft.com/content/4135d3c0-576a-4964-b79b-4242f8cb2471) to its artificial intelligence rival Anthropic this week. Greg Brockman, OpenAI’s president, also said on Monday he would be taking extended leave from the company.<br/>\n> ...\n>  \n> Brockman is a core member of OpenAI’s founding team. He was persuaded by Altman and Musk to leave his job as chief technology officer at financial technology company Stripe and take on the same position at OpenAI.\n>  \n> He has been a key Altman ally since the beginning. When the board moved against Altman in a coup in November, Brockman was also removed as a director. The two returned to their posts together when the board backtracked five days later.\n>  \n> On Monday, the company’s president announced he would be taking a sabbatical for the rest of the year.\n>  \n> “First time to relax since co-founding OpenAI 9 years ago,” he [wrote](https://x.com/gdb/status/1821716026448633933) on X. “I’ve poured my life for the past 9 years into OpenAI, including the entirety of my marriage. Our work is important to me, but so is life.”<br/>\n> [—Hammond, 2024](https://www.ft.com/content/638f67f7-5375-47fc-b3a7-af7c9e05b9e0)",
                "resolution_criteria": "This question resolves as **Yes** if Greg Brockman returns to work at OpenAI following his leave of absence and before October 1, 2024, according to [credible reporting](https://www.metaculus.com/help/faq/#definitions). This question resolves as **No** if, following his leave of absence, Brockman exits OpenAI without returning, or does not return by October 1, 2024.",
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                "description": "*This forecasting question is associated with the Verity controversy: [Will Israel Lose International Support for Its Campaign in Gaza?](https://www.verity.news/controversy/Will-Israel-Lose-International-Support-for-its-Campaign-Against-Hamas)*\n\n---\n\nSince its establishment in 1948, Israel has seen [growing international recognition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign\\_relations\\_of\\_Israel), though is still not universally recognized due to the longstanding [conflict between Israel and a number of the Arab countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli\\_conflict). In particular, the [United States has been a close ally of Israel](https://www.vox.com/world-politics/23916266/us-israel-support-ally-gaza-war-aid), with the US having provided [at least $158 billion](https://sgp.fas.org/crs/mideast/RL33222.pdf) in bilateral assistance and missile defense funding since Israel was established.\n\nIn the wake of the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack against Israel — which saw [nearly 1,200 people killed](https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-hamas\\#chapter-title-0-8) and [over 250 taken hostage](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67053011) —  many friendly countries [expressed support for Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International\\_reactions\\_to\\_the\\_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas\\_war). However, Israel’s responding military campaign against Hamas in Gaza led a [number of countries to sever relations](https://www.axios.com/2023/11/16/israel-gaza-war-countries-against-cease-fire-diplomats) due to the humanitarian situation, which has seen nearly [40,000 Palestinians killed](https://www.ochaopt.org/) as of August 2024 according to the Gaza Ministry of Health (though this number is disputed by Israel), and close to two million Gazans displaced. The US, Germany, Italy, the UK, and Canada have supplied Israel with weapons since the beginning of the war, though Canada, Italy, and the Netherlands [halted arms sales to Israel in early 2024](https://www.reuters.com/world/who-are-israels-main-weapons-suppliers-who-has-halted-exports-2024-05-09/).\n\nBut as the war approaches one year of duration and Israel has [expanded into other regions in Gaza](https://thehill.com/policy/defense/4660135-israel-moves-deeper-into-rafah/), the international mood may be shifting against Israel. In March of 2024, the US abstained on a [UN Security Council Resolution demanding a ceasefire](https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/26/israel-gaza-us-abstention-on-un-cease-fire-vote-triggers-netanyahu-rage.html), allowing it to pass against the wishes of Israel. And in May 2024 the International Criminal Court (ICC) [sought arrest warrants](https://www.newsweek.com/israel-losing-diplomatic-war-palestine-united-nations-europe-1904064) for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Yoav Gallant. Additionally, a number of countries have now granted diplomatic recognition to Palestine in response to the conflict. These actions have [caused some to argue](https://time.com/6963032/israel-netanyahu-allies-global-standing/) that the world is turning against Israel over its operation in Gaza.\n\nThe countries of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, France, and Australia make up a subset of the [G20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20), and are among the ten member states of the G20 that [do not recognize Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International\\_recognition\\_of\\_the\\_State\\_of\\_Palestine\\#:\\~:text=while%20ten%20countries%20(Australia%2C%20Canada%2C%20France%2C%20Germany%2C%20Italy%2C%20Japan%2C%20Mexico%2C%20South%20Korea%2C%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%20and%20the%20United%20States)%20have%20not).",
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            "description": "*This forecasting question is associated with the Verity controversy: [Will Israel Lose International Support for Its Campaign in Gaza?](https://www.verity.news/controversy/Will-Israel-Lose-International-Support-for-its-Campaign-Against-Hamas)*\n\n---\n\nSince its establishment in 1948, Israel has seen [growing international recognition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign\\_relations\\_of\\_Israel), though is still not universally recognized due to the longstanding [conflict between Israel and a number of the Arab countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli\\_conflict). In particular, the [United States has been a close ally of Israel](https://www.vox.com/world-politics/23916266/us-israel-support-ally-gaza-war-aid), with the US having provided [at least $158 billion](https://sgp.fas.org/crs/mideast/RL33222.pdf) in bilateral assistance and missile defense funding since Israel was established.\n\nIn the wake of the October 7, 2023, Hamas attack against Israel — which saw [nearly 1,200 people killed](https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-hamas\\#chapter-title-0-8) and [over 250 taken hostage](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67053011) —  many friendly countries [expressed support for Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International\\_reactions\\_to\\_the\\_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas\\_war). However, Israel’s responding military campaign against Hamas in Gaza led a [number of countries to sever relations](https://www.axios.com/2023/11/16/israel-gaza-war-countries-against-cease-fire-diplomats) due to the humanitarian situation, which has seen nearly [40,000 Palestinians killed](https://www.ochaopt.org/) as of August 2024 according to the Gaza Ministry of Health (though this number is disputed by Israel), and close to two million Gazans displaced. The US, Germany, Italy, the UK, and Canada have supplied Israel with weapons since the beginning of the war, though Canada, Italy, and the Netherlands [halted arms sales to Israel in early 2024](https://www.reuters.com/world/who-are-israels-main-weapons-suppliers-who-has-halted-exports-2024-05-09/).\n\nBut as the war approaches one year of duration and Israel has [expanded into other regions in Gaza](https://thehill.com/policy/defense/4660135-israel-moves-deeper-into-rafah/), the international mood may be shifting against Israel. In March of 2024, the US abstained on a [UN Security Council Resolution demanding a ceasefire](https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/26/israel-gaza-us-abstention-on-un-cease-fire-vote-triggers-netanyahu-rage.html), allowing it to pass against the wishes of Israel. And in May 2024 the International Criminal Court (ICC) [sought arrest warrants](https://www.newsweek.com/israel-losing-diplomatic-war-palestine-united-nations-europe-1904064) for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Yoav Gallant. Additionally, a number of countries have now granted diplomatic recognition to Palestine in response to the conflict. These actions have [caused some to argue](https://time.com/6963032/israel-netanyahu-allies-global-standing/) that the world is turning against Israel over its operation in Gaza.\n\nThe countries of the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, France, and Australia make up a subset of the [G20](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20), and are among the ten member states of the G20 that [do not recognize Palestine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International\\_recognition\\_of\\_the\\_State\\_of\\_Palestine\\#:\\~:text=while%20ten%20countries%20(Australia%2C%20Canada%2C%20France%2C%20Germany%2C%20Italy%2C%20Japan%2C%20Mexico%2C%20South%20Korea%2C%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%20and%20the%20United%20States)%20have%20not)."
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                "title": "Will the CDC's assessment of the risk posed by mpox to the US general public exceed \"High\" before October 1, 2024?",
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                "description": "In evolving situations, experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sometimes make [qualitative judgements about the overall risk to the general public of the United States](https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-qualitative-assessments/php/about/risk-assessment-methods.html). CDC's overall qualitative assessments take into account both the likelihood and impact of infections, ranging from \"Extremely Low\" to \"Very High.\"\n\nAs of CDC's [most recent qualitative analysis](https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-qualitative-assessments/php/data-research/mpox-risk-assessment/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/about/mpox-risk-assessment.html#cdc_data_surveillance_section_6-methods), dated July 8, 2024:\n\n> The risk to the general population is assessed as VERY LOW.\n\nCDC notes that \"In response to the recent spread of clade I mpox in Sub-Saharan Africa, CDC is working to update our July 8, 2024, risk assessment.\"\n\nHere are the [specific definitions](https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-qualitative-assessments/php/about/risk-assessment-methods.html) used by CDC to arrive at an overall risk level. These are provided for reference. However, CDC may change these definitions, and if so, the question still resolves as the highest risk level assessed among the options provided.\n\n># Definitions\n\n> ## Likelihood of infection definitions\n\n> * **Extremely low:** An extremely small number of people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen is not very infectious, or the population is highly immune. We expect an extremely low prevalence of infection in the population, far less than 1% of the population.\n\n> * **Very low:** A very small number of people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen is not very infectious, or the population is highly immune. We expect a very low prevalence of infection in the population.\n\n> * **Low:** There are limited opportunities for exposure for most of the population, but exposure may be high in some areas or subgroups. The pathogen has at least moderate infectiousness or significant gaps in population immunity. We expect a low prevalence of infection in the population, potentially with pockets of higher prevalence.\n\n> * **Moderate:** Many people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen has moderate to high infectiousness, or the population has low levels of immunity. We expect a moderate prevalence of infection in the population.\n\n> * **High:** Most people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen has high infectiousness, or the population has very low immunity. We expect a high prevalence of infection in the population, with most of the population affected.\n\n> * **Very high:** The vast majority of the population is likely to be exposed, the pathogen has very high infectiousness, or the population has extremely low immunity. We expect a very high prevalence of infection in the population, with the vast majority of the population affected.\n\n> ## Impact of infection definitions\n\n> * **Very low:** The pathogen is very unlikely to cause severe disease for this population, there is a very high proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or effective treatments are widely available. The disease is very unlikely to cause disruption to normal activities or require additional resources for public health measures.\n\n> * **Low:** The pathogen is unlikely to cause severe disease for this population, there is a very high proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or effective treatments are widely available. The disease is unlikely to cause disruption to normal activities or require additional resources for public health measures.\n\n> * **Moderate:** The pathogen causes severe disease for a substantial proportion of this population or pockets within this population, there is limited population immunity protecting people from severe disease, and/or effective treatments are not widely available or accessible. The disease may cause significant disruption to the population and require significant public health resources.\n\n> * **High:** The pathogen typically causes severe disease for this population, there is a very low proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or effective treatments are very limited or difficult to access. The disease could cause extensive disruption to normal activities and will potentially require a large amount of public health resources.\n\n> * **Very high:** The pathogen typically causes very severe disease for this population, there is a very low proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or there are no effective treatments. The disease could cause prolonged and extensive disruption to normal activities and will potentially require a very high level of public health resources.",
                "resolution_criteria": "The question resolves **Yes** if the risk to the general population of the United States assessed by the CDC in a [Mpox Rapid Risk Assessment](https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-qualitative-assessments/php/data-research/mpox-risk-assessment/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/about/mpox-risk-assessment.html#cdc_data_surveillance_section_2-risk-assessment-for-general-population-in-the-united-states) or similar document, exceeds \"High\" between August 15, 2024 and September 30, 2024 (inclusive).",
                "fine_print": "The question resolves as the overall risk. The highest overall risk level is \"Very High.\" The lowest possible overall risk level is \"Very Low.\" The question resolves based on the highest overall risk level, not the sub-categories (likelihood, impact). CDC's level of confidence is irrelevant; if CDC assesses \"Very High\" risk with low confidence, the question resolves as \"Very High.\"\n\nThe question will not resolve based on statements from CDC officials. A written document is necessary.",
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            "description": "In evolving situations, experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sometimes make [qualitative judgements about the overall risk to the general public of the United States](https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-qualitative-assessments/php/about/risk-assessment-methods.html). CDC's overall qualitative assessments take into account both the likelihood and impact of infections, ranging from \"Extremely Low\" to \"Very High.\"\n\nAs of CDC's [most recent qualitative analysis](https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-qualitative-assessments/php/data-research/mpox-risk-assessment/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/about/mpox-risk-assessment.html#cdc_data_surveillance_section_6-methods), dated July 8, 2024:\n\n> The risk to the general population is assessed as VERY LOW.\n\nCDC notes that \"In response to the recent spread of clade I mpox in Sub-Saharan Africa, CDC is working to update our July 8, 2024, risk assessment.\"\n\nHere are the [specific definitions](https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-qualitative-assessments/php/about/risk-assessment-methods.html) used by CDC to arrive at an overall risk level. These are provided for reference. However, CDC may change these definitions, and if so, the question still resolves as the highest risk level assessed among the options provided.\n\n># Definitions\n\n> ## Likelihood of infection definitions\n\n> * **Extremely low:** An extremely small number of people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen is not very infectious, or the population is highly immune. We expect an extremely low prevalence of infection in the population, far less than 1% of the population.\n\n> * **Very low:** A very small number of people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen is not very infectious, or the population is highly immune. We expect a very low prevalence of infection in the population.\n\n> * **Low:** There are limited opportunities for exposure for most of the population, but exposure may be high in some areas or subgroups. The pathogen has at least moderate infectiousness or significant gaps in population immunity. We expect a low prevalence of infection in the population, potentially with pockets of higher prevalence.\n\n> * **Moderate:** Many people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen has moderate to high infectiousness, or the population has low levels of immunity. We expect a moderate prevalence of infection in the population.\n\n> * **High:** Most people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen has high infectiousness, or the population has very low immunity. We expect a high prevalence of infection in the population, with most of the population affected.\n\n> * **Very high:** The vast majority of the population is likely to be exposed, the pathogen has very high infectiousness, or the population has extremely low immunity. We expect a very high prevalence of infection in the population, with the vast majority of the population affected.\n\n> ## Impact of infection definitions\n\n> * **Very low:** The pathogen is very unlikely to cause severe disease for this population, there is a very high proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or effective treatments are widely available. The disease is very unlikely to cause disruption to normal activities or require additional resources for public health measures.\n\n> * **Low:** The pathogen is unlikely to cause severe disease for this population, there is a very high proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or effective treatments are widely available. The disease is unlikely to cause disruption to normal activities or require additional resources for public health measures.\n\n> * **Moderate:** The pathogen causes severe disease for a substantial proportion of this population or pockets within this population, there is limited population immunity protecting people from severe disease, and/or effective treatments are not widely available or accessible. The disease may cause significant disruption to the population and require significant public health resources.\n\n> * **High:** The pathogen typically causes severe disease for this population, there is a very low proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or effective treatments are very limited or difficult to access. The disease could cause extensive disruption to normal activities and will potentially require a large amount of public health resources.\n\n> * **Very high:** The pathogen typically causes very severe disease for this population, there is a very low proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or there are no effective treatments. The disease could cause prolonged and extensive disruption to normal activities and will potentially require a very high level of public health resources."
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            "description": "In evolving situations, experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sometimes make [qualitative judgements about the overall risk to the general public of the United States](https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-qualitative-assessments/php/about/risk-assessment-methods.html). CDC's overall qualitative assessments take into account both the likelihood and impact of infections, ranging from \"Extremely Low\" to \"Very High.\"\n\nAs of CDC's [most recent qualitative analysis](https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-qualitative-assessments/php/data-research/mpox-risk-assessment/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/about/mpox-risk-assessment.html#cdc_data_surveillance_section_6-methods), dated July 8, 2024:\n\n> The risk to the general population is assessed as VERY LOW.\n\nCDC notes that \"In response to the recent spread of clade I mpox in Sub-Saharan Africa, CDC is working to update our July 8, 2024, risk assessment.\"\n\nHere are the [specific definitions](https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-qualitative-assessments/php/about/risk-assessment-methods.html) used by CDC to arrive at an overall risk level. These are provided for reference. However, CDC may change these definitions, and if so, the question still resolves as the highest risk level assessed among the options provided.\n\n># Definitions\n\n> ## Likelihood of infection definitions\n\n> * **Extremely low:** An extremely small number of people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen is not very infectious, or the population is highly immune. We expect an extremely low prevalence of infection in the population, far less than 1% of the population.\n\n> * **Very low:** A very small number of people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen is not very infectious, or the population is highly immune. We expect a very low prevalence of infection in the population.\n\n> * **Low:** There are limited opportunities for exposure for most of the population, but exposure may be high in some areas or subgroups. The pathogen has at least moderate infectiousness or significant gaps in population immunity. We expect a low prevalence of infection in the population, potentially with pockets of higher prevalence.\n\n> * **Moderate:** Many people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen has moderate to high infectiousness, or the population has low levels of immunity. We expect a moderate prevalence of infection in the population.\n\n> * **High:** Most people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen has high infectiousness, or the population has very low immunity. We expect a high prevalence of infection in the population, with most of the population affected.\n\n> * **Very high:** The vast majority of the population is likely to be exposed, the pathogen has very high infectiousness, or the population has extremely low immunity. We expect a very high prevalence of infection in the population, with the vast majority of the population affected.\n\n> ## Impact of infection definitions\n\n> * **Very low:** The pathogen is very unlikely to cause severe disease for this population, there is a very high proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or effective treatments are widely available. The disease is very unlikely to cause disruption to normal activities or require additional resources for public health measures.\n\n> * **Low:** The pathogen is unlikely to cause severe disease for this population, there is a very high proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or effective treatments are widely available. The disease is unlikely to cause disruption to normal activities or require additional resources for public health measures.\n\n> * **Moderate:** The pathogen causes severe disease for a substantial proportion of this population or pockets within this population, there is limited population immunity protecting people from severe disease, and/or effective treatments are not widely available or accessible. The disease may cause significant disruption to the population and require significant public health resources.\n\n> * **High:** The pathogen typically causes severe disease for this population, there is a very low proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or effective treatments are very limited or difficult to access. The disease could cause extensive disruption to normal activities and will potentially require a large amount of public health resources.\n\n> * **Very high:** The pathogen typically causes very severe disease for this population, there is a very low proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or there are no effective treatments. The disease could cause prolonged and extensive disruption to normal activities and will potentially require a very high level of public health resources."
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                "description": "In evolving situations, experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) sometimes make [qualitative judgements about the overall risk to the general public of the United States](https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-qualitative-assessments/php/about/risk-assessment-methods.html). CDC's overall qualitative assessments take into account both the likelihood and impact of infections, ranging from \"Extremely Low\" to \"Very High.\"\n\nAs of CDC's [most recent qualitative analysis](https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-qualitative-assessments/php/data-research/mpox-risk-assessment/?CDC_AAref_Val=https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/about/mpox-risk-assessment.html#cdc_data_surveillance_section_6-methods), dated July 8, 2024:\n\n> The risk to the general population is assessed as VERY LOW.\n\nCDC notes that \"In response to the recent spread of clade I mpox in Sub-Saharan Africa, CDC is working to update our July 8, 2024, risk assessment.\"\n\nHere are the [specific definitions](https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-qualitative-assessments/php/about/risk-assessment-methods.html) used by CDC to arrive at an overall risk level. These are provided for reference. However, CDC may change these definitions, and if so, the question still resolves as the highest risk level assessed among the options provided.\n\n># Definitions\n\n> ## Likelihood of infection definitions\n\n> * **Extremely low:** An extremely small number of people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen is not very infectious, or the population is highly immune. We expect an extremely low prevalence of infection in the population, far less than 1% of the population.\n\n> * **Very low:** A very small number of people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen is not very infectious, or the population is highly immune. We expect a very low prevalence of infection in the population.\n\n> * **Low:** There are limited opportunities for exposure for most of the population, but exposure may be high in some areas or subgroups. The pathogen has at least moderate infectiousness or significant gaps in population immunity. We expect a low prevalence of infection in the population, potentially with pockets of higher prevalence.\n\n> * **Moderate:** Many people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen has moderate to high infectiousness, or the population has low levels of immunity. We expect a moderate prevalence of infection in the population.\n\n> * **High:** Most people are likely to be exposed, the pathogen has high infectiousness, or the population has very low immunity. We expect a high prevalence of infection in the population, with most of the population affected.\n\n> * **Very high:** The vast majority of the population is likely to be exposed, the pathogen has very high infectiousness, or the population has extremely low immunity. We expect a very high prevalence of infection in the population, with the vast majority of the population affected.\n\n> ## Impact of infection definitions\n\n> * **Very low:** The pathogen is very unlikely to cause severe disease for this population, there is a very high proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or effective treatments are widely available. The disease is very unlikely to cause disruption to normal activities or require additional resources for public health measures.\n\n> * **Low:** The pathogen is unlikely to cause severe disease for this population, there is a very high proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or effective treatments are widely available. The disease is unlikely to cause disruption to normal activities or require additional resources for public health measures.\n\n> * **Moderate:** The pathogen causes severe disease for a substantial proportion of this population or pockets within this population, there is limited population immunity protecting people from severe disease, and/or effective treatments are not widely available or accessible. The disease may cause significant disruption to the population and require significant public health resources.\n\n> * **High:** The pathogen typically causes severe disease for this population, there is a very low proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or effective treatments are very limited or difficult to access. The disease could cause extensive disruption to normal activities and will potentially require a large amount of public health resources.\n\n> * **Very high:** The pathogen typically causes very severe disease for this population, there is a very low proportion of population immunity protecting against severe disease, and/or there are no effective treatments. The disease could cause prolonged and extensive disruption to normal activities and will potentially require a very high level of public health resources.",
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            "description": "On August 8, 2024, a guest on Russian state TV [floated the idea](https://www.newsweek.com/russian-tv-nuclear-strike-kursk-raid-1936268) of Russia using tactical nuclear weapons on Ukrainian forces in the Kursk region of Russia. In June 2024, Russian president Vladimir Putin [said](https://www.voanews.com/a/putin-says-russia-could-use-nuclear-weapons-if-it-is-threatened/7644941.html):\n\n>If somebody’s actions threaten our sovereignty and territorial integrity, we consider it possible to use all means at our disposal [...] For some reason, they believe in the West that Russia will never use it.\n\nIn June 2023, two months before his death, Wagner PMC Chief Yevgeny Prigozhin [said](https://www.newsweek.com/russia-could-nuke-border-region-yevgeny-prigozhin-wagner-group-1804797):\n\n>\"I am afraid that they might harbor some foul thoughts about dropping a little nuke on their own territory. Could it be the reason why we are ceding territory in Belgorod region—because we are too scared to hit their [territory], but not our own \n\n>\"Lobbing [the bomb] at foreign [territory] is scary, but we can hit our own, to show how sick and psychotic we are. The Ukrainian forces might be occupying some small [Russian] village, and that's where [Russia] will aim the tactical nuclear strike.\"\n\n(From a forecasting standpoint please note that, in contrast to the [previous version](https://www.metaculus.com/questions/13171/nuclear-detonation-in-ukraine-by-2024/) of this question, this one also includes non-Ukrainian territory that is occupied by Ukraine.)\n\nIn May 2024, in response to what Russia's defense ministry said were “provocative statements and threats” by NATO, Putin [ordered](https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/06/europe/putin-tactical-nuclear-weapon-drill-russia-ukraine-intl/index.html) the Russian military to carry out tactical nuclear weapon drills, which was the first time such an announcement was made publicly.\n\nTactical nuclear weapons, also known as nonstrategic nuclear weapons, are smaller in yield than strategic nuclear weapons and are intended for battlefield usage, when there is a specific target and friendly forces are in close proximity. Russia [is estimated](https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2024-06/news/russia-links-nonstrategic-nuclear-exercises-threats) to have 1,000 to 2,000 of the weapons in its stockpile.\n\nPutin [recently indicated](https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2024-07/news/russian-nuclear-posture-may-change-putin-says) that Russia's nuclear posture may change to a more aggressive doctrine, saying Russia would only use nuclear weapons in “exceptional cases…when there is a threat to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country,” but then refusing to “rule out the possibility of making changes to this doctrine.”\n\nNuclear weapons have not been used in warfare since 1945, when the United States dropped two atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.\n\nSee Also\n\n- Center for Strategic & International Studies: [Why Russia Keeps Rattling the Nuclear Saber](https://www.csis.org/analysis/why-russia-keeps-rattling-nuclear-saber)\n\n- Carnegie Politika: [Putin’s Russia Will Continue to Pursue Nuclear Escalation](https://carnegieendowment.org/russia-eurasia/politika/2024/06/russia-nuclear-war-threats?lang=en)"
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                "description": "On August 6, 2024, [Ukraine sent troops to Russia's Kursk Oblast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2024_Kursk_Oblast_incursion), advancing 10 kilometers and capturing over 100 square kilometers within days. \n\nAfter 5 days, the situation has appeared to stabilize, though the fate of the incursion remains uncertain.",
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                "description": "In the context of growing concerns about a potential US recession in 2024, inflation remains a key factor in shaping monetary policy decisions and economic outcomes. Throughout 2023 and early 2024, the Federal Reserve has been grappling with persistently high inflation, which has led to a series of [interest rate hikes](https://apnews.com/article/inflation-interest-rates-federal-reserve-economy-jobs-f43eff13abf862ac84cd9f3ef89201db#https://apnews.com/article/inflation-interest-rates-federal-reserve-economy-jobs-f43eff13abf862ac84cd9f3ef89201db#) to tame price pressures.\n\nCore inflation, which excludes the volatile food and energy components, is often seen as a more stable measure of underlying inflation trends. The Fed closely watches core inflation when assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy.\n\nIn recent months, there have been signs that inflation may be moderating, with some economists expecting a gradual return to the Fed's 2% target. However, if inflation proves to be more persistent than anticipated, it could complicate the Fed's efforts to support the economy in the face of a potential downturn.\n\nThis question focuses on the US core inflation reading for August 2024, which is [scheduled to be released](https://www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/cpi.htm) by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) on September 11, 2024. The change in core inflation will provide insight into the trajectory of underlying price pressures and could influence market expectations for Fed policy.\n\n<iframe src=\"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/graph-landing.php?g=1sOJ2&width=100%25&height=475\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"overflow:hidden; width:100%; height:550px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe>",
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                "resolution_criteria": "The question will resolve as **Yes** if the seasonally adjusted month over month percentage increase in core CPI inflation in the United States in August 2024 is 0.0% or less, as reported by the [BLS](https://www.bls.gov/cpi/).",
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            "description": "In the context of growing concerns about a potential US recession in 2024, inflation remains a key factor in shaping monetary policy decisions and economic outcomes. Throughout 2023 and early 2024, the Federal Reserve has been grappling with persistently high inflation, which has led to a series of [interest rate hikes](https://apnews.com/article/inflation-interest-rates-federal-reserve-economy-jobs-f43eff13abf862ac84cd9f3ef89201db#https://apnews.com/article/inflation-interest-rates-federal-reserve-economy-jobs-f43eff13abf862ac84cd9f3ef89201db#) to tame price pressures.\n\nCore inflation, which excludes the volatile food and energy components, is often seen as a more stable measure of underlying inflation trends. The Fed closely watches core inflation when assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy.\n\nIn recent months, there have been signs that inflation may be moderating, with some economists expecting a gradual return to the Fed's 2% target. However, if inflation proves to be more persistent than anticipated, it could complicate the Fed's efforts to support the economy in the face of a potential downturn.\n\nThis question focuses on the US core inflation reading for August 2024, which is [scheduled to be released](https://www.bls.gov/schedule/news_release/cpi.htm) by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) on September 11, 2024. The change in core inflation will provide insight into the trajectory of underlying price pressures and could influence market expectations for Fed policy.\n\n<iframe src=\"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/graph/graph-landing.php?g=1sOJ2&width=100%25&height=475\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"overflow:hidden; width:100%; height:550px;\" allowTransparency=\"true\" loading=\"lazy\"></iframe>"
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