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Iran has been an Islamic Republic since the 1979 Iranian Revolution, in which Islamists led by Khomeini overthrew the monarchy. Today, Iran is one of the few theocracies on Earth, and it is led by the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei, Khomeini's successor. In recent years, therehavebeenseveral protests against the regime. The recent elections in 2021 were widely considered to be a sham. They saw record low turnout as well as a record share of protest, blank, and invalid votes after disqualification of many candidates by the Guardian Council, and a landslide victory by Ebrahim Raisi, the preferred candidate of Khamenei. The United States considers the Islamic Republic of Iran to be a rogue state. and has imposed sanctions on it. Nonetheless, the Islamic Republic of Iran has persisted since 1979.